I guess you might say that large scale public artworks might relate to that same human impulse to create something aesthetic on a large scale (say, The Kelpies, Northumberlandia) but the cultural significance or importance is probably quite a different thing as most public art is both secular and generally functionless other than as art.

I also suppose you might say that public places of worship, from gothic cathedrals through to modern mosques also have some elements of affinity or connection with the megalith makers. It's difficult to know whether prehistoric monuments were viewed in purely functional terms, but I doubt as many are clearly designed to look aesthetically pleasing too. It's also clear to me that many are designed to be viewed as a feature within the context of their own very specific landscapes.

Just as a cathedral has aesthetic appeal in its own right while nevertheless having worship and religion as its primary function, so might a prehistoric monument have both function and also, separate but intertwined, have a form which can be appreciated as aesthetic in itself.

I guess it's hard to imagine what from our times might be considered monuments in the future. Golf courses probably. You laugh but I've spent a while at a rewilded golf course trying to work out if a lump in the ground was some sort of barrow! And without any knowledge of what golf is, future alien archaeologists might be fascinated by the profusion of little white balls found reverently buried in sand.

Only large scale equivalent of landscaped art/ geogliph I can think of that may loosely fit your remit is this one.... Though no religious significance other than what someone might wish to project onto it.

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2011/aug/12/northumberlandia-blagdon-cramlington-shotton-charles-jencks-british-camp-gale-common

I stumbled across this today - https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/may/22/big-bangers-wave-epoch-brighton-festival-cern-hadron-collider-grime [EDIT TO FIX LINK] It's a description of a wild 2018 art project which put grime artists in conversation with CERN scientists at the Large Hadron Collider. Not sure if I actually want to hear the results, but it's a nice idea. And the artists talk about people in 1000 years time looking at the collider with the same curiosity as we all look at Stonehenge today so it seems relevant to this thread ...

here's another one i just stumbled across - kerdroya in cornwall - https://goldentree.org.uk/kerdroya/ - "Stretching 56 meters in diameter yet inviting you to walk along a 750m winding path to its heart, Kerdroya weaves together heritage, artistry, and community, creating a legacy in stone that will continue to inspire for generations to come."

aaaand another one i just stumbled across and know nothing about - crawick multiverse - this looks pretty mad. charles jencks' last completed land art project apparently. from the photo at https://www.crawickmultiverse.co.uk/ there seems to be stone rows and circles plus more. paid entry :(